Genes and genomes existing today are the cumulative
result of events that have taken place
in the past. The classical theory of evolution as
formulated by Charles Darwin in 1859 states
that (i) all living organisms today have descended
from organisms living in the past; (ii)
the organisms living during earlier times
differed from those living today; (iii) the
changes were more or less gradual, with only
small changes at a time; (iv) the changes usually
led to divergent organisms, with the number of
ancestral types of organisms being much
smaller than the number of types today; and (v)
all changes result from causes that continue to
exist today and can thus be studied today.
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