During the evolution of vertebrates, the X and
the Y chromosomeswere derived froman autosome.
While the Y chromosome has become
considerably smaller, the X chromosome has for
the most part retained the gene loci of originally
autosomal character. In five regions (I–V), the X
chromosome and Y chromosome of man contain
sequence homologies. The homologous
sequences on the extreme distal ends of both
chromosomes (I and II) correspond to a pseudoautosomal
region. In region I, homologous pairing
and crossing-over occur regularly during
meiosis.
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